Midziyo yekutakura inofambiswa uchishandisa nzira dzakasiyana dzekufambisa uye michina kufambisa kufambisa kwavo munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzekutengesa. Hedzino nzira dzekutanga dzinoshandiswa kufambisa midziyo yekutumira:
1. Midziyo Yekutakura (Zvikepe):
- Nzira yakajairika yekutakura midziyo yekutakura ndeyemugungwa. Ngarava huru dzemidziyo dzakagadzirirwa kutakura zviuru zvemidziyo kuyambuka makungwa nemakungwa. Makonira anoiswa pazvikepe izvi pazviteshi zvezvikepe uye anochengetedzwa munzvimbo dzakatarwa padhishi rengarava uye munzvimbo dzayo. Ngarava dzekutakura dzinobatanidza zviteshi zvikuru pasi rose.
2. Marori (Road Transport):
- Macontainer anotakurwa nemarori kuenda nekubva kuchiteshi, materminals, uye munzvimbo dzekuparadzira mukati menyika. Marori anozivikanwa secontainer chassis kana flatbed marori akagadzirirwa kutakura midziyo. Marori ndiwo akakosha chinongedzo mucheni yekugovera, achipa "yekupedzisira mamaira" kuendesa kubva kumadoko kuenda kunzvimbo.
3. Zvitima (Rail Transport):
- Kutakurwa kwenjanji kunowanzo shandiswa kutakura zvigadziko zvechinhambwe, kunyanya kutakurwa kwepakati. Makoni anogona kutakurwa pamotokari dzenjanji dzakagadzirwa dzinozivikanwa seintermodal kana container flatcars. Zvitima zvinobatanidza maguta makuru nematunhu, zvichipa nzira inoshanda yezvifambiso zvepasi.
4. Mabhaji neInland Waterways:
- Munzvimbo dzine nzizi dzinofambika uye nzira dzemvura, magwa anoshandiswa kutamisa midziyo pakati pezviteshi nenzvimbo dziri mukati menyika. Iyi nzira yekufambisa inonyanya kubatsira pakubatanidza zviteshi kune inland kugovera nzvimbo.
5. Kutakura Kwendege (Kutakura Kwendege):
- Kunyange zvisinganyanyi kuwanzozivikanwa nekuda kwemitengo, midziyo inogona zvakare kutakurwa nemhepo kune yakakwirira-yakakosha kana kutakura nguva. Nekudaro, kutakurwa kwendege kunowanzo kuchengeterwa zvidiki uye zvakareruka kutumira.
6. Multimodal Transportation:
- Midziyo mizhinji inofamba nemusanganiswa wemamodhi ekufambisa nenzira inozivikanwa semultimodal transportation kana intermodal transportation. Semuenzaniso, mudziyo unogona kufamba nerori kuenda kuchiteshi chenjanji, ipapo nechitima kuenda kuchiteshi, uye pakupedzisira nechikepe kuenda kwairi kuenda.
7. Cranes uye Handling Equipments:
- Cranes inoita basa rakakosha mukubata kwemidziyo. Pazviteshi nezviteshi, makoni ane hunyanzvi anonzi ship-to-shore cranes anosimudza midziyo pazvikepe. Yadhi cranes inofambisa midziyo mukati mezviteshi. Svika ma stackers, straddle carriers, uye zvimwe midziyo inoshandiswa pakufambisa midziyo mukati mezviteshi uye mumarori kana njanji.
8. Zviteshi zvePort:
- Port terminals ndiwo makiyi hubs ekufamba kwemidziyo. Zvigaba zvinochengetwa kwenguva pfupi pazviteshi izvi zvisati zvaiswa mungarava, marori, kana zvitima. Zviteshi zvemazuva ano zvinoshandisa matekinoroji epamusoro kubata nemazvo mashandiro emidziyo.
Midziyo yekutakura chikamu chakakosha cheiyo yepasirese yekugovera, uye kufamba kwavo kunosanganisira network yakaoma yekufambisa modhi, zvishandiso, uye maitiro ekugadzirisa zvinhu kuti ive nechokwadi chekuendesa zvinhu nenguva uye nekubudirira.